Foreign investment in the domestic high-end parts industry is urgently needed
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Because the current national industrial policy does not impose a bond on the engine and component joint ventures, multinational component giants have accelerated their layout to the Chinese market. Recently, Fiat's company Magneti Marelli (Magneti Marelli) announced that it will establish a joint venture with Changchun Fudi Equipment Technology Development Co., Ltd., a Chinese auto parts and systems manufacturer, to manufacture components for automotive power systems in China and target Changchun’s vehicle manufacturer.
“For Chinese auto parts companies that lack core technology, it is not a good thing for foreign auto parts companies to flock in.†A brand parts dealer told China Union Business Daily.
Foreign capital monopolizes 90% of the core market
Although China has become the world’s largest automobile production and sales market, China’s auto parts industry has also become the world’s most profitable place, and it is becoming a global automotive parts manufacturing base, but this does not mean that China’s auto parts industry has more Multiple patents and core technologies.
As we all know, there are a large number of auto parts manufacturers in China at present, but most of them are small in scale, lacking in innovation capacity, relatively backward in terms of development methods, and the overall level is poor. In terms of high-tech parts and components, the dependence on multinational companies is still high. .
"Actually, apart from the scale, there is still a big gap between China's auto parts and the international advanced level." Industry insiders frankly said.
According to a report by the "China United Daily", at present, 70% of the world's top 100 auto parts suppliers have come to China for business, and more than 1,200 foreign-funded enterprises are producing auto parts in China. The auto parts market has accounted for more than 60% of the market share. According to a rough estimate, foreign-funded parts and components market sales revenue in China last year was about 0.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 54% of China's parts and components market.
Data shows that sales revenue of auto parts in China increased by 44% in 2010, reaching approximately RMB 1.644 trillion. However, foreign auto parts (joint venture) auto parts, which already account for more than 60% of the Chinese auto parts market, occupy a dominant position. In 2010, the income of these foreign-funded (joint venture) companies was about 0.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 54% of China's auto parts revenue.
In this context, key auto parts (especially cars) are mostly produced by wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures in China. In the production of automotive EFI systems, engine management systems, ABS, micro-motors and airbags, the proportion of foreign-funded enterprises was 100%, 100%, 91%, 97% and 69%, respectively.
In fact, in the Chinese market, multinational corporations have shown a monopoly in many aspects, which has, to some extent, deepened the dependence of China’s economic development on foreign investment. The market monopoly position and brand monopoly position of multinational companies have deepened China’s preference and dependence on its products. In particular, multinational companies have monopolized the monopolization of technology, core technologies, and monopoly of industry standards, so that they are at the highest end of the entire industry chain. Domestic manufacturers can only be at the low end of the industry chain, relying on extremely cheap labor to earn a modest assembly and processing fees.
The whole vehicle spare parts purchase has no right to speak
Under the background that the upstream component industry has no right to speak, the days of downstream vehicle companies are not very good.
It is not difficult to find in the financial reports of publicly listed auto companies that were released one after another in 2011 that the decline in net profit has become a common problem among these self-owned brand-based camps. The reason is nothing more than a drop in revenue or high costs. Among the reasons for the high cost, "Control and management of upstream components is the biggest shortcoming of independent brands." Industry sources said.
According to the reporter's understanding, for a long time, foreign-funded enterprises not only controlled the core technologies of some key components and products, but also monopolized the market for providing complete components for automakers. At present, the most important parts of automobiles, such as engines, transmissions, fuel injection systems, and other products with high added value, are provided by foreign manufacturers. Over 90% of the domestic high-end parts and components market share is held in foreign-owned spare parts. Business hands. China's component manufacturers can only provide low-value products such as audio and interiors. This means that without independent R&D and technology, major parts and components can only be controlled by foreign-funded enterprises, and suppliers cannot be freely selected. As a result, the profits from vehicle sales are strongly divided by foreign-invested parts and components companies.
According to a survey conducted by the National Information Center, it is very difficult for a complete Chinese-funded enterprise to enter the first-tier suppliers of joint venture products. Among them, 100% of the component suppliers selected for the US-based models in China are foreign-funded enterprises, while the German and Japanese systems And the proportion of domestic self-owned brand models is also 88.9%, 89.5% and 52.8%, respectively.
Global information company Alix Partners stated that sales in China's entire automotive market will maintain an average annual growth rate of up to 15% from now to 2016; sales revenue of auto parts in China will increase by 44% in 2010 to reach approximately 1.644 trillion yuan. Yuan Renminbi. However, in the income of approximately 1.644 trillion yuan, the share of real private enterprises and independent brands is not large. According to statistics, 72% of the auto parts companies with foreign investment background in China accounted for 55% of the total, of which sole proprietorships accounted for 55% and Sino-foreign joint ventures accounted for 45%. If we remove 1.644 trillion yuan of revenue from the contribution of foreign (joint venture) companies, how much can Chinese companies still have? Compared with the rapid growth of automobile production and sales, it is obviously a very asymmetric ratio.
Chinese capital scale effect is not desirable
Judging from the current global trends, the adjustment of the relationship between the vehicle and the parts and components company has broken the existing global supporting system and promoted the globalization of the automobile industry chain. Enterprises use platform strategies for product development. Systematic development, modular manufacturing, and integrated delivery have become the development trend of the auto parts industry.
However, when China became the first in the world, the world’s top ten auto giants could not see the presence of Chinese cars; the world’s top 100 parts and components companies had nothing to do with China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 20,000 domestic parts and components companies, including nearly 8,000 auto parts enterprises above designated size. However, China's spare parts companies have always been unable to break through technical barriers and cannot establish the right to speak at the international level.
The industry generally believes that China does not lack parts and components companies, but lacks innovative technologies. Blindly stressed the scale, emphasizing the drawbacks of the total economy in the parts and components industry has always existed. The lagging development of core technologies, especially the development of key components, is a fundamental issue that restricts the development of China's auto industry.
Compared with foreign investment, the gap in China's spare parts is clear. According to statistics, in the developed countries of the automotive industry, the average investment in the parts and components industry is generally 1.2 to 1.5 times that of vehicle manufacturers. The research and development capabilities of auto parts companies are ahead of the total vehicle companies. However, the current average investment in China's auto parts industry is no more than 0.3 times. At the same time, the average R&D input of Chinese parts and components companies accounted for only 1.4% of sales revenue, far below the international average of 6.6%.
"Foreign component manufacturers are kidnapping the Chinese auto parts market." An industry expert analyzed that China's spare parts are too eager for quick success, not to mention independent innovation, which gives foreign companies more opportunities. At present, foreign capital is completely dominant in the Chinese market, which is very unfavorable to the entire automotive industry.