The best-selling world FANUC 0 series CNC system

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1. High Reliability of the System In 1985, Japan's FANUC Corporation introduced the FANUC 0 system (referred to as FS-0). To date, over 330,000 units have been sold globally, making it one of the top-selling numerical control systems in the world. Why is the FS-0 so popular among users? The main reason lies in its exceptional reliability. CNC machines are controlled by their numerical control systems, which must operate continuously for long periods without failure. This makes reliability a critical factor in the design and development of such systems. Unlike consumer electronics, CNC systems are used in industrial environments where they must endure harsh conditions. Therefore, high reliability is not just a feature—it’s a necessity. Especially in modern production lines, the dependability of the CNC system directly impacts productivity and efficiency. For FANUC, reliability has always been a core focus. When designing the FS-0, they prioritized durability and stability. The system can function in general workshop environments with temperatures ranging from 0°C to 45°C, humidity up to 95% for short periods, and vibration resistance of 0.5g. It also handles voltage fluctuations between -15% and 10%, with a failure rate of only 0.008 times per month—equivalent to an average of 100,000 hours between failures. This high level of reliability stems from strict component selection, advanced manufacturing processes, and the use of dedicated integrated circuits. Additionally, FANUC leveraged software experience from previous systems like FS-5, FS-6, and FS-7 to develop robust control software. The integration of new AC digital servo and spindle drive systems further enhanced performance. Fully automated manufacturing minimized human error, significantly improving overall system reliability.

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Figure 1 FS-0 system hardware block diagram

2. Hardware Structure The FS-0 hardware is designed as a modular system, consisting of key components such as the main board, memory board, I/O board, servo axis control board, and power supply. Additional boards like the graphic control board, remote buffer board, and PMC-M board are optional, as shown in Figure 1. The main board houses the CPU, originally using the 80386, later upgraded to the 80486/DX2 in 1998. It also includes the CRT display control circuit. The memory board contains system control software ROMs, servo control ROMs, PMC-L ROMs for machine power control, RAM for intermediate calculations, and MOS RAM for part programs. The I/O board serves as the interface between the CNC unit and the machine power. The servo axis control board uses AC servo devices, with two DSPs (TMS320) controlling up to four axes. The power board provides +5V and +24V power supplies. Table 1: Application Models Machining Centers, Drilling Machines, Milling Machines – 0-MC Lathes, Automatic Lathes – 0-TC One Spindle Double Tool Holders, Two Spindle Double Tool Holders, Four Axis Lathes – 0-TTC Internal and External Cylindrical Grinder – 0-GCG Surface Grinder – 0-GSC Rotary Head Punch – 0-PC Table 2: Minimum Input Increment, Maximum Cutting Speed, Rapid Moving Speed 1μm, 100m/min, 100m/min 0.1μm, 12m/min, 24m/min 3. Full-featured CNC System and Features The FS-0C is a fully functional CNC system that supports a wide range of machine tools, as listed in Table 1. It can control up to six axes, with four axes being simultaneously linked. The minimum input increment is specified in Table 2. The system is characterized by high-reliability hardware, high-efficiency machining, high-precision machining, high-speed machining, and a high-precision digital servo system. It features enhanced PMC processing capabilities, high-speed M, S, and T interfaces, and the ability to control coordinate axes via PMC. It also offers pitch error compensation, automatic feedrate multiplication during corner machining, and Other functions to improve accuracy. The system supports multi-CPU distributed processing for high-speed continuous cutting and includes unique control functions like tool life management, polar coordinate interpolation, and polygon processing. A custom user macro program allows for specialized machining tasks. The communication function includes a high-speed serial interface for DNC operations.

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Figure 2 Popularization of FS-0 System

4. Popularization of FS-0 System While the full-featured FS-0C is widely used, some applications don’t require all its capabilities. However, the reliability of the FS-0 remains a major selling point. To better meet user needs, FANUC developed the FS-0D, a more affordable and simplified version of the system. As shown in Figure 2, the FS-0D is divided into two software packages to suit different machine tool grades. FS-0TD controls up to four axes and is ideal for lathes, while FS-0MD supports four-axis control and is suitable for milling machines and machining centers. Due to its reliability, performance, and cost-effectiveness, the FS-0D series has gained widespread popularity. Its application is detailed in Table 3. Table 3: Application Model Lathe – FS-0TD Milling Machine and Small-scale Machining Center – FS-0MD Cylindrical Grinding Machine – FS-0GCD Surface Grinding Machine – FS-0GSD Punching Machine – FS-0PD 5. Different-grade AC Servo Motor The FS-0 system includes a full range of servo and spindle motors. In addition to the standard configuration, FANUC also launched the economical AC series, including the B-series AC servo motor and the AC spindle motor. These motors comply with international standards (IEC-1), are well-sealed (IP55 for servo, IP54 for spindle), and equipped with high-performance pulse encoders. The feed servo unit uses DSP control, and the power amplifier is modular, with rectifier and inverter modules. IPM components simplify wiring and assembly. The FS-0 can control two spindle motors simultaneously, supporting both digital and analog drives. It offers speed and position control modes, with separate CU control for the spindle. The control command is transmitted via a cable, ensuring high reliability. 6. Convenient Maintenance Function Users can adjust and set servo and spindle parameters through the system’s CRT. The system also displays machining program errors and fault information when issues occur. Ladder diagrams can be viewed on the CRT, helping users diagnose problems and check I/O signals efficiently.

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